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Publications

Research, reports and books that used the Active Attack Data, and a way to add yours.

The list starts with the ALERRT Center’s own work, from the first FBI study in 2014 to the current articles. We would like it to grow: if you have published, presented or taught with the data, tell us below and we will add it.

15
Works listed
2013–2026
Years
2025
Data version

Journal articles 7

  • Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., Tanksley, P. T., & Johncox, J. D. (2025). Active attacks with motor vehicles: A short report and case study of the 2025 New Year's Day attack in New Orleans, LA. American Journal of Criminal Justice. doi:10.1007/s12103-025-09806-x
    Every vehicle attack in the data, 2000 to 2025, beside the New Orleans case.
  • Blair, J. P., & Duron, A. (2022). How police officers are shot and killed during active shooter events: Implications for response and training. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles. doi:10.1177/0032258X221087827
    Officers shot during active shooter events, identified from the event data.
  • Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2022). What are we talking about? Definitional confusion within active and mass shooting research. Journal of Mass Violence Research. doi:10.53076/JMVR47829
    Shows how the active attack definition differs from the mass shooting definitions in use, and what each one counts.
  • Duron, A. (2021). "Shots fired! We have many people down!": Common recommendations for managing high-casualty active shooter events in the USA. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102548
    High-casualty events drawn from the data.
  • Blair, J. P., Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2020). Correlates of the number shot and killed in active shooter events. Homicide Studies. doi:10.1177/1088767920976727
    Models of the number shot and killed per event: weapons, location, resolution and year.
  • Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2019). The evolution of active shooter response training protocols since Columbine: Lessons from the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. doi:10.1177/1043986219840237
    Event trends behind the changes in response training.
  • Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2017). Active shooter events in the workplace: Findings and policy implications. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning. doi:10.69554/lcym6472
    Attacks at workplaces, 2000 to 2015.

Reports 5

  • ALERRT Center, Texas State University (2026). The role of locked doors and access control in school-based active shooter events. Report for the Security Industry Association. alerrtresearch.org
    54 school attacks, 2000 to 2025, with case studies of Uvalde (2022) and Evergreen High School (2025).
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation & ALERRT Center, Texas State University (2020). Active shooter incidents in the United States in 2019. U.S. Department of Justice. fbi.gov
    The FBI's annual report, built with ALERRT from the firearm events in the data.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation & ALERRT Center, Texas State University (2019). Active shooter incidents in the United States in 2018. U.S. Department of Justice. fbi.gov
    The FBI's annual report, built with ALERRT from the firearm events in the data.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation & ALERRT Center, Texas State University (2018). Active shooter incidents in the United States in 2016 and 2017. U.S. Department of Justice. fbi.gov
    The FBI's annual report, built with ALERRT from the firearm events in the data.
  • Blair, J. P., & Schweit, K. W. (2014). A study of active shooter incidents in the United States between 2000 and 2013. Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. fbi.gov
    The first FBI study, from the ALERRT event data that became the Active Attack Data.

Books 1

  • Blair, J. P., Nichols, T., Burns, D., & Curnutt, J. R. (2013). Active Shooter Events and Response. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b14996
    Includes the first analysis of the events, 2000 to 2010.

Book chapters 1

  • Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Active shooter/hostile event overview (data). In Introduction to Active Shooter/Hostile Event Response. Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University. amazon.com
    A data-driven overview of events in the United States for a responder textbook.

Other writing 1

  • Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Nichols, T. (2014). Active shooter events from 2000 to 2012. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. leb.fbi.gov
    Trends and patterns across the first 13 years of events.

Tell us about your work

Have you published an article or report, written a thesis, given a talk, or built something with the Active Attack Data? Send us the details and we will list it here. The button opens an email with the questions filled in; a title and a link are enough to start.

Tell us about your work

Or write to peter_tanksley@txstate.edu with the title, authors, year, where it appeared, a link, and how the data were used.

Citing the data

Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Center. (2026). Active Attack Data (Version 2025) [Data set]. Texas State University. https://activeattackdata.org

A BibTeX entry is on the codebook page. Any version of the data can be cited by its version year; earlier versions are available on the Active Attacks page.